[A]
[B] [C] [D]
[E] [F] [G]
[H] [I-J-K] [L]
[M-N] [O-P] [Q-R]
[S] [T] [U-V]
[W-X-Y-Z]
EC50 See median
effective concentration.
ECD Electron capture detector, used in gas chromatography.
ecosystem Assembly of populations of different
species (often interdependent on and interacting with each other) interacting
with their surroundings within a specified physical location and forming
a functional entity. See also community.
(Rand and Petrocelli, 1985)
ecotoxicologically (environmentally)
relevant concentration (ERC) Concentration of a pesticide (active
ingredient, formulations, and relevant metabolites) that is likely to
affect a determinable ecological characteristic of an exposed system.
It is related to the toxicity characteristics, generally the no
observable effect concentration, to the most sensitive species or
groups of species. (after US-EPA, 1992)
ELISA See immunoassay.
emulsifiable concentrate (EC)
Liquid homogeneous formulation of a pesticide with emulsifiers in an
organic solvent which forms a dispersion when added to water as a diluent.
(GIFAP, 1995)
emulsifier Surfactant used to facilitate
the preparation of a colloidal dispersion of one liquid in another liquid
with which it is not miscible. (after Gold, 1987)
endocon That portion of a conjugated
metabolite which is derived from natural products of the metabolising organism
such as sugars and organic acids. See also exocon, phase II metabolism.
endpoint Measurable ecological or
toxicological characteristic or parameter of the test system (usually an organism)
that is chosen as the most relevant assessment criterion (e.g. death in an
acute test or tumour incidence in a chronic study).
enforcement method See regulatory
method.
enhanced degradation Increased rate
of degradation of a pesticide in soil or other environmental matrix by a population
of microorganisms that has adapted to metabolise it through previous exposure
to it or a similar chemical. Synonyms include accelerated degradation and
enhanced biodegradation.
enterohepatic circulation Cyclical
process in which a pesticide residue is absorbed and transported to the liver,
metabolised (often including conjugation), transported to the intestine by
the bile, reabsorbed (often after deconjugation), and transported to the liver
for further metabolism. (after Duffus, 1993)
environmental impact assessment
Assessment of the potential releases of a pesticide to the
environment and their potential effects upon the environment and its components
including man. See risk assessment.
environmental risk Probability
that an adverse effect on humans or the environment will be observed
for a given exposure to a pesticide based on the frequency of occurrence
and the sensitivity of the system. See risk assessment.
estimated daily intake (EDI) Prediction
of the daily intake of a pesticide residue, based on the most realistic estimation
of residues in food items and the best available food consumption data for
a specific population. Residue levels are estimated taking into account known
uses of the pesticide, the proportion of commodity treated and the quantity
of contaminated commodities. The EDI is expressed in milligrams of residues
per person. (WHO, 1989)
estimated environmental concentration
(EEC) Predicted concentration of a pesticide within an environmental
compartment based on estimates of quantities released, discharge patterns
and inherent disposition of the pesticide (fate and distribution) as well
as the nature of the specific receiving ecosystems. (US-EPA, 1992)
estimated maximum daily intake (EMDI)
Prediction of the maximum daily intake of a pesticide residue, based
on the assumptions of average daily food consumption per person and maximum
residues in the edible portion of a commodity, corrected for the reduction
or increase in residues resulting from preparation, cooking, or commercial
processing. The EMDI is expressed in milligrams of residues per person. (WHO,
1989)
exocon Portion of a conjugated metabolite which
is derived from the parent pesticide. See also aglycon.
exposure Concentration or amount of
a pesticide that reaches the target population, organism, tissue or cell,
usually expressed in numerical terms of concentration, duration and frequency.
Also the process by which a substance becomes available for absorption by
the target population, organism, tissue or cell, by any route. (after Duffus,
1993)
exposure assessment Process
of measuring or estimating concentration, duration and frequency of exposures
to pesticide present in environment or, if estimating hypothetical exposures,
that might arise from the release of the pesticide into the environment. See
also risk assessment. (after Duffus, 1993)
extractability Degree to which
a pesticide residue may be removed from a matrix (e.g. soil) through use of
appropriate extraction techniques. See also bound residue.
extraneous residue limit (ERL) Maximum
concentration of a pesticide residue, arising from environmental sources (including
former agricultural uses), other than from the use of a pesticide directly
or indirectly on the commodity, that is recommended to be permitted in or
on a feed or food commodity. (FAO, )
> Synopsis
> Preface
> References
