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Pure Appl. Chem. 76(4), 861-878, 2004

Pure and Applied Chemistry

Vol. 76, Issue 4

Trends and challenges in biochemical sensors for clinical and environmental monitoring

S. Andreescu and O. A. Sadik

Advanced Sensor and Threat Detection Laboratory, Department of Chemistry,
State University of New York at Binghamton, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY
13902, USA

Abstract: Biochemical sensors have emerged as a dynamic technique for qualitative and quantitative analysis of different analytes in clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and food and process control. The need for a low-cost, reliable, ultra-sensitive, and rapid sensor continues to grow as the complexity of application areas increases. New biosensing techniques are emerging due to the need for shorter sample preparation protocols. Such novel biosensor designs make field and bed-site clinical testing simpler with substantial decrease
in costs per sample throughputs. In this paper, we will review the recent trends and challenges in clinical and environmental biosensors. The review will focus on immunological, nucleic acid, and cell-based clinical and biological sensors. Special emphasis will be placed on the
approaches used for immobilization or biological reagents and low-cost electrochemical biosensors. The promising biosensors for rapid diagnosis of cancer or HIV are also discussed.

*Plenary lectures presented at the Inaugural Conference for the Southern and Eastern Africa Network of Analytical Chemists (SEANAC), Gaborone, Botswana, 7-10 July 2003. Other presentations are published in this issue, pp. 697-888.


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