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Pure Appl. Chem. 76(3), 671-678, 2004

Pure and Applied Chemistry

Vol. 76, Issue 3

Palladium-catalyzed alkylation of unactivated olefins

Ross A. Widenhoefer

P.M. Gross Chemical Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0346, USA

Abstract: The reaction of a 3-butenyl β-diketone with a catalytic amount of PdCl2(CH3CN)2 in dioxane at room temperature led to olefin hydroalkylation and formation of the corresponding 2-acylcyclohexanone in good yield as a single regioisomer. Deuterium-labeling experiments for the hydroalkylation of 7-octene-2,4-dione were in accord with a mechanism involving outer-sphere attack of the pendant enol on a palladium-complexed olefin to form a palladium cyclohexyl species, followed by palladium migration via iterative β-hydride elimination/addition and protonolysis from a palladium enolate complex. In comparison to a 3-butenyl β-diketone, reaction of a 4-pentenyl β-diketone with a catalytic amount of PdCl2(CH3CN)2 in the presence of CuCl2 led to oxidative alkylation and formation of the corresponding 2-acyl-3-methyl-2-cyclohexenone in good yield as a single isomer. Unactivated olefins tethered to less reactive carbon nucleophiles such as β-keto esters, α-aryl ketones, and even dialkyl ketones underwent palladium-catalyzed hydroalkylation in the presence of Me3SiCl or HCl to form the corresponding cyclohexanones in moderate-to-good yield with high regioselectivity.

*Plenary and invited lectures presented at the 12th International Symposium on Organometallic Chemistry Directed Towards Organic Synthesis (OMCOS-12), Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 6-10 July 2003. Other lectures are published in this issue, pp. 453-695.


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