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Pure Appl. Chem. 76(3), 565-576, 2004

Pure and Applied Chemistry

Vol. 76, Issue 3

Dual role of nucleophiles in palladium-catalyzed Heck, Stille, and Sonogashira reactions

A. Jutand

École Normale Supérieure, Département de Chimie, UMR CNRS-ENS-UPMC
8640, 24 Rue Lhomond, F-75231,Paris Cédex 5, France

Abstract: In palladium-catalyzed Heck, Stille, or Sonogashira reactions, the nucleophiles-respectively, alkenes, vinylstannanes, or alkynes-are involved in carbopalladation or transmetallation steps that follow the oxidative addition of an aryl halide or triflate to a Pd0 complex. As soon as the nucleophiles possess a C=C or a C 'triple-bond' C bond capable of coordinating the Pd0 complex active in the oxidative addition, they play a dual role since they interfere in the oxidative addition by a decelerating effect due to a partial coordination of the active Pd0 complex. Indeed, its concentration decreases due to the formation of either unreactive complexes (η²-RCH=CH2)Pd0L2 (R = Ph, CO2Et, L = PPh3 ; R = Bu3Sn, L = AsPh3), (η²-RCH=CH2)Pd0L2(OAc)- (R = Ph, L = PPh3), (η²-R-C 'triple-bond' CH)Pd0L2 (R = Ph, L = PPh3) or more slowly reactive complexes (η²-R-C 'triple-bond' CH)Pd0L2 (R = CO2Et, L = PPh3), (η²-RCH=CH2)Pd0L2 (R= CO2Me, L2 = dppf). Whenever the oxidative addition is faster than the ensuing carbopalladation or transmetallation, the decelerating effect of the nucleophiles in the oxidative addition is in favor of a better efficiency for the catalytic cycle by bringing the rate of the fast oxidative addition closer to that of the slow carbopalladation or transmetallation steps.

[full text - pdf 304KB]

*Plenary and invited lectures presented at the 12th International Symposium on Organometallic Chemistry Directed Towards Organic Synthesis (OMCOS-12), Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 6-10 July 2003. Other lectures are published in this issue, pp. 453-695.


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