The following text is based on the document published in: 1) Thrombosis and Haemostasis 1994; 71: 375-94; 2) Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1995; 33:637-660; 3) Pure and Appl Chem 1997; 69:1043-79.
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This document is a result of cooperation between the Scientific and Standardization
Committee of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis and The
Commission-Committee on Nomenclature, Properties and Units of the The International Union
of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and the International Federation of Clinical
Chemistry (IFCC).
[Meetings between the organisations were held in Amsterdam (NL) 1991-06-29/30 and in
Munich (D) 1992-07-07/08]. The outcome has been published in a similar form in Thrombosis
and Haemostasis in 1994 [ Ref. 1].
The present document is for a different forum and it includes code values for the
properties. It is part five (V) of of a series on properties measured in the clinical
laboratory sciences initiated in 1987.
| The series will comprise: | |
|---|---|
| I | Syntax and semantic rules [Ref.2] |
| II | Kinds-of-property |
| III | Elements and their code values |
| IV | Properties and code values |
| V | Properties and units in Thrombosis and Haemostasis (This document) |
| VI | Properties and units in IOC prohibited Drugs |
| VII | Properties and units in Inborn Errors of Metabolism |
| VIII | Properties and units in Microbiology |
| IX | Properties and units in Trace Elements |
| X | Properties and units in General Clinical Chemistry |
| XI | Coding systems - Structure and Guidelines |
| XII | Properties and units in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology |
| XIII | Properties and units in Reproduction and Fertility |
| XIV | Properties and units in Tumor markers |
| XVI | Properties and units in Allergology |
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Basic research in biology and medicine and innovations in laboratory methodology have
greatly increased the range of properties available to medical doctors to help them in
decisions on diagnosis and prevention of disease, and treatment of patients.
The plethora is now such that the individual doctor has insight in or understanding of
only a limited number of properties offered to him from the various clinical laboratory
specialities. Further, recent development tends to blur the boundaries between the various
branches of clinical laboratory science.
The terminology used by one laboratory speciality may vary even within the speciality, and
may be incomprehensible to another speciality. This is a minor inconvenience to the
laboratory specialities, each one essentially operating within its own area of activity.
However, for the user this is highly unsatisfactory and also it may hinder treatment of
the patient.
It is therefore essential to promote clear, unambiguous, meaningful and fully informative
communication. Also coherence of statements made within and between medical specialities,
and uniformity in structure of presentation is to be strived for. This will facilitate
transfer of information over cultural, alphabetic and language areas.
This document provides formats and names of properties in the domain of Thrombosis and
Haemostasis, recommended by the highest international authority in that field of science,
in order to facilitate unequivocal communication between databases, and for use in
publications.
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The parts of a request and a report are presented in Table 1.
For definition of terms, see [ Ref. 2]
Essential for a request (Table 1) is part 1 and 2, that is
information on patient identification, time or time interval for sampling, and information
on the property requested.
The laboratory report comprises the three subdivisions 1, 2 and 3.
To each element in part 2 may be added a specification as a parenthetic suffix for
clarification and to avoid ambiguity.
Remarks (part 4) relating to diagnosis, medication, haemolysis or hardware breakdown are
not included, except when needed for the interpretation of results such as pretreatment of
patient in functional quantities.
Thus the elements of a property comprise:
System(specification)—Component(specification); kind-of-property(specification)
This is as recommended by IFCC and IUPAC [Ref. 3] and by the European
standard ENV1614:1995 [Ref. 4].
EXAMPLE [NPU01644]
Plasma—Coagulation factor VII; arbitrary substance concentration(coagulation; IS
84/665; procedure)
The elements of a result comprise: an operator (=; <; <=; >; >=; etc.), a
numerical value, a prefix and a coherent unit (both of the latter usually in symbolic
form).
EXAMPLE [NPU01647]
= 10 nmol/l (prefix n: nano = 10-9).
The unit must never be omitted in reporting results, except for the unit '1'.
It is further recommended that the result includes a measure of uncertainty.
In addition to the systematic name of the property, an example and other useful
information is given.
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It is recommended to spell out in full at least the component name in the terms used in
clinical laboratory reporting because specialisation in medicine and in the clinical
laboratory sciences precludes insight into more than just a few areas.
In general, only one term or name and spelling has been selected in each instance as a
preferred term, well knowing that daily use in some English speaking countries differs
from the standard systematic name proposed. E. g. "Haemoglobin" (Oxford) and
"Hemoglobin".
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The terms recommended are given in bold, that is: the code value, the standard systematic name, and the unit.
| EXAMPLE | |
|---|---|
| 1 | Plasma— |
| 3 | Plasminogen activator, tissue type; |
| 4 | arbitrary substance concentration(enzymatic; IS 86/670; procedure) |
| 5 | international unit/litre |
| 6 | M = 60 000 g/mol |
| 7 | Calibrator: WHO 2nd IS 86/670 |
| 8 | Previous calibrator(s): WHO 1st IS 83/517 |
| 9 | Other term(s): Blood plasminogen activator; t-PA; Tissue plasminogen activator; Vascular plasminogen activator |
| 10 | Authority: ISTH/SSC93 |
| 12 | [NPU03192] |
| 13 | P—Plasminogen activator, tissue type; arb.subst.c.(enz.; IS 86 /670; procedure)= ? int. unit/l |
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1996-01-01: The Commission-Committee of Quantities and Units (in Clinical Chemisty) (C-QU(CC) of the IUPAC-IFCC has changed its name(s) to: Commission-Committee on Nomenclature, Properties and Units.
1996-01-01: Property code value prefix has changed to NPU accordingly.
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Meta Blombäck: Department of Clinical Chemistry and Blood Coagulation, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, S-104 01 Sweden
René Dybkær: Department of Clinical Chemistry, Frederiksberg Hospital, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
Kjeld Jørgensen & Sixtus Thorsen: Department of Clinical Biochemistry KB 3011, National University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
Henrik Olesen: Department of
Clinical Pharmacology Q 7642, National University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), DK-2200
Copenhagen, Denmark
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Chairs and co-chairs of the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH)/Scientific and Standardization Committee (SSC)'s scientific subcommittees during the preparation of this report (1991-1995) were as follows:
U. Abildgaard, A. M. H. P. van den Besselaar, K. J. Clementson, B. Dahlbäck,
T. Exner, C. W. Francis, P. Gaffney, H. Gralnick, L. W. Hoyer, G. J. Johnson,
C. Kasper, D. Lane, H. R. Lijnen, J. M. Lusher, P. M. Mannucci, L. Poller, S. I. Rapaport, H. Saito, K. Stocker, D. Thomas.
Ad hoc consultants: T. W. Barrowcliffe, C. Hemker, Chairman of the SSC: D. Aronson, Past-Chairman of the ISTH: K. G. Mann, Chairman of the ISTH: Dominique Meyer, Executive Director of ISTH and SSC: H. R. Roberts.
*#The combined Memberships of International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)/Commission of Nomenclature, Properties and Units (C-NPU) and International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC)/Committee of Nomenclature, Properties and Units (C-NPU) during the preparation of this report (1991 to 1995) were as follows:
Chairman: H Olesen (Denmark).
Members: G Férard (France); X Fuentes-Arderiu (Spain); JG Hill (Canada); D Kenny (Ireland); M Lauritzen (Denmark); H Olesen (Denmark); P Soares Araujo (Brazil); PL Storring (United Kingdom)