Return to Subcommittee on Nomenclature for Properties and Units
IFCC-IUPAC
The background for the IFCC-IUPAC coding system for laboratory investigations is described in the publications listed below.
Compendium of Terminology and Nomenclature of Properties in Clinical
Laboratory Sciences
- a volume in the
IUPAC Nomenclature Books
series ('The Silver Book'). Synopsis
- Glossary of Terms in quantities and units in clinical chemistry (Recommendation
1995, 1996). Synopsis
- Properties and Units in the Clinical Laboratory Sciences. Synopsis. The series
will comprise:
- Syntax and semantic rules (Recommendation 1995). Synopsis
- Kinds-of-property
(Recommendation 1996). Synopsis
- Elements(of properties) and their code values (Technical report
1997). Synopsis
- Properties and their code values (Technical report 1997). Synopsis
- Properties and units in Thrombosis and Haemostasis (Recommendation 1995,
1996). Synopsis
- Properties and units in IOC prohibited Drugs (Recommendations 1996/97). Synopsis
- Properties and units in Inborn Errors of Metabolism (abandoned)
- Properties and units in Clinical Microbiology (Technical report 1999).
Synopsis.
- Properties and units in Trace Elements(Technical report 1997). Synopsis
- Properties and units in General Clinical Chemistry (Technical report 1999).
Synopsis.
Published in Pure Appl Chem, Vol. 72, No. 5, pp. 747 -972, 2000:
- Coding systems - Structure and guidelines (Technical report 1997). Synopsis
- Properties and units in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (Technical
report 1999). Synopsis.
Published in Pure Appl Chem, Vol. 72, No. 3, pp. 479-552, 2000:
- Properties and units in Reproduction and Fertility (Technical report 1997).Synopsis
- Properties and units in Tumor markers (abandoned)
- Properties and units in Clinical Allergology(Technical report 1999)
Synopsis.
Published in Pure Appl Chem72(6) pp. 1067–1205, 2000:
- Properties and
units in Clinical Molecular Biology(Technical report 2004)
Published in Pure Appl Chem76(9) pp. 1799-1807, 2004
- Properties and units for transfusion medicine and
immunohematology (Technical report 2003).
Published in Pure Appl Chem, Vol. 75, No. 10, pp. 1477–1600, 2003:
- Properties and units in clinical and
environmental human toxicology (Technical report 2007).
Published in Pure Appl Chem, Vol. 79, No. 1, pp. 87-152, 2007:
Compendium of Terminology and Nomenclature of Properties in Clinical
Laboratory Sciences: "The Silver Book" - Synopsis
Over the last 40 years much effort has been given to introduce and apply in
clinical chemistry the rules and conventions on quantities and units recommended
by international organizations such as BIPM, ISO and IUPAC. The series of
documents and recommendations published for this purpose by IUPAC/C-QUCC and
IFCC/C-QU (formerly IFCC/EPQU; from 1996-01-01 C-NPU) are not readily available,
and some have been in need of updating and alignment with other documents. The
Compendium harmonises them, and will facilitate access and updating. Besides
the hard-copy edition, it will be accessible in electronic format on Internet,
according to IUPAC rules: "Guidelines for web documents".
Translation into other languages, eg. French, Spanish and Japanese, is intended.
IUPAC: Oxford: Blackwell Science, 1995, 290 pp.
Glossary of Terms in quantities and units in clinical chemistry - Synopsis
From 1967 onwards, a number of documents prepared by the IUPAC/C-QUCC and
IFCC/C-QU (from 1996-01-01 C-NPU), with input from many clinical laboratory
scientists worldwide, and consistent with standards promulgated by authoritative
international scientific organisations, have been published. Because of the
importance of a consistent terminology in clinical chemistry and because these
documents are often published in journals that may not be readily accessible,
the C-NPU has prepared a glossary containing those terms considered of
particular interest to the clinical chemistry and clinical laboratory science
communities. The glossary has been compiled from definitions taken from
published documents of the C-NPU. Also it contains a number of terms, and their
definitions, considered relevant to the practice of clinical chemistry, taken
from the official documents of other commissions of IUPAC and of international
scientific organisations such as the International Organisation for
Standardisation, the International Bureau of Weights and Measures and the
International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
IUPAC (Recommendation 1996): Published in Pure Appl Chem
1996; 68: 957-1000). Republication or reproduction of this report or its
storage and/or dissemination by electronic means is permitted without the need
for formal IUPAC permission on condition that an acknowledgment, with full
reference to the source along with use of the copyright symbol ©, the name
IUPAC and the year of publication are prominently visible. Publication of a
translation to another language is subject to the additional condition of prior
approval from the relevant IUPAC National Adhering Organization
IFCC (Recommendation 1995): Published in Biochim Clin 1995;
19: 471-502.
Properties and units in the clinical laboratory sciences - Synopsis
To follow!
I. Syntax and semantic rules - Synopsis
This document is an updating of previous recommendations on the presentation
of properties and their values in clinical laboratory sciences from IFCC, IUPAC
and WHO. It forms part of the ongoing effort towards 'standardisation' of
transmission of laboratory request and report across cultural/language domains
while avoiding standardisation of the language used by clinicians or laboratory
practitioners. Subsequent documents will list the kinds-of-property and the
properties used in clinical laboratory sciences.
IUPAC (Recommendation 1995): Published in Pure Appl Chem
1995; 67: 1563-74
Republication or reproduction of this report or its storage and/or
dissemination by electronic means is permitted without the need for formal IUPAC
permission on condition that an acknowledgment, with full reference to the
source along with use of the copyright symbol ©, the name IUPAC and the year of
publication are prominently visible. Publication of a translation to another
language is subject to the additional condition of prior approval from the
relevant IUPAC National Adhering Organization
IFCC (Recommendation 1995): Published in Eur J Clin Chem Clin
Biochem 1995; 33: 627-36; Clin Chim Acta
1996; 245: S5-S21.
II. Kinds-of-property - Synopsis
The document circumscribes the concept 'kind-of-property' (property in a
general sense) and lists the kinds-of-property mostly used in the clinical
laboratory sciences.
The concepts are as defined in the "Compendium of terminology and
nomenclature of properties in clinical laboratory sciences", except for a
few that are defined intuitively.
Each is given a unique code value and is expressed in different languages for
use in the assembly of terms representing individual properties.
IUPAC (Recommendation 1996): Published in Pure Appl Chem
1997; 69: 1015-42
Republication or reproduction of this report or its storage and/or
dissemination by electronic means is permitted without the need for formal IUPAC
permission on condition that an acknowledgment, with full reference to the
source along with use of the copyright symbol ©, the name IUPAC and the year of
publication are prominently visible. Publication of a translation to another
language is subject to the additional condition of prior approval from the
relevant IUPAC National Adhering Organization
IFCC (Recommendation 1996), Published in Eur J Clin Chem Clin
Biochem 1997; 35: 317-44
III. Elements (of properties) and their code values - Synopsis
The system of concepts for properties in the clinical laboratory sciences of
the European Prestandard ENV 1614 has been applied in the code value strings presented in
part IV, Properties and code
values, of this series of documents.
The assumption has been made, that if the elements used in the coding strings
each are intensionally defined and are combined according to the ENV 1614 syntax
rules, then the properties represented by the code value strings are also
intensionally defined.
For this reason, the code values selected for the elements are from
international coding schemes that include definitions of concepts.
The set has been supplemented with code values prefixed by QU given by IFCC–IUPAC/C-NPU
as need arises.
Major sources of code values of defined concepts are:
ATCC |
American Type Culture Collection |
CAS |
Chemical Abstract Service |
CCUG |
Culture Collection, University of
Göteborg |
CIP |
Collection de l'Institut Pasteur |
EC |
Enzyme Commission of International Union of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology |
ECRI |
UMDNS: Universal Medical Device Nomenclature
System TM. Product Categories Thesaurus 1996. Copyright 1995 by ECRI. |
HUGO |
The Human Genome Organisation HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee |
IAM |
Institute of Applied Microbiology |
INN |
International Nonproprietary Names of
Pharmaceutical Substances (WHO 1988) |
ISBT |
International Society of Blood Transfusion
|
JCM |
Japan Collection of Microorganisms |
MIM |
Mendelian Inheritance in Man |
MSH |
Medical Subject Headings, National
Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda |
NCCLS |
National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards |
NCTC |
National Collection of Type Cultures |
QU |
Elements defined by IUPAC-IFCC/C-NPU |
UMLS |
Unified Medical Language System |
WHO |
World Health Organisation |
IV. Properties and their code values - Synopsis
The presentation of properties observed or measured in the clinical
laboratory sciences and the adherent units have been thoroughly discussed for
some decades. Recently a list of properties in the domain of
thrombosis
and haemostasis has been published.
Each of the entries on a property in the list is identified by a code value
preceeded by a source code (NPU) for the coding scheme.
Similar lists are prepared for other domains, f.ex. trace elements and clinical
pharmacology and toxicology.
The present list summarises the properties and units elaborated for various
domains of the clinical laboratory sciences.
IUPAC (Technical report 1997). Published in Pure Appl Chem
1997; 69: 2583-91
Republication or reproduction of this report or its storage and/or
dissemination by electronic means is permitted without the need for formal IUPAC
permission on condition that an acknowledgment, with full reference to the
source along with use of the copyright symbol ©, the name IUPAC and the year of
publication are prominently visible. Publication of a translation to another
language is subject to the additional condition of prior approval from the
relevant IUPAC National Adhering Organization
IFCC. Accepted as Technical report.
V. Properties and units in Thrombosis and Haemostasis - Synopsis
For historical reasons, the terms used in the nomenclature for properties in
thrombosis and haemostasis differ according to 'school' of thought. This hampers
communication. In collaboration, The Scientific and Standardization Committee of
The International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis and the Committee (Commission)
of Quantities and Units (in Clinical Chemistry) (C-QU(CC); from 1996-01-01 C-NPU)
of the IFCC-IUPAC have prepared a set of recommended systematic names for
properties in that domain. For use in electronic transmission each property has
been given a code value.
IUPAC (Recommendation 1996): Published in Pure Appl Chem,
1997; 69: 1043-79.
Republication or reproduction of this report or its storage and/or
dissemination by electronic means is permitted without the need for formal IUPAC
permission on condition that an acknowledgment, with full reference to the
source along with use of the copyright symbol ©, the name IUPAC and the year of
publication are prominently visible. Publication of a translation to another
language is subject to the additional condition of prior approval from the
relevant IUPAC National Adhering Organization
ISTH (Recommendation 1994): Published in Thrombosis and Haemostasis
1994; 71: 375-94.
IFCC (Recommendation 1995): Published in Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem
1995; 33: 637-660; Clin Chim Acta
1996; 245: S23-S28.
VI. Properties and units in IOC prohibited Drugs - Synopsis
The term designating a substance being an active ingredient of a drug may be
a generic name, a nonproprietary name, a registered trade name, a fantasy name
or other. This causes difficulties in the transmission of request and report on
such substances to and from the clinical laboratories, and in the collating of
this information from different sources.
The document comprises a list of properties of drugs of abuse in biological
fluids as defined by the International Olympic Committee Medical Code for use in
electronic transmission systems. Systematic names are presented with a code
value for each.
IUPAC (Recommendation 1996): Published in Pure Appl Chem
1997; 69: 1081-1136.
Republication or reproduction of this report or its storage and/or
dissemination by electronic means is permitted without the need for formal IUPAC
permission on condition that an acknowledgment, with full reference to the
source along with use of the copyright symbol ©, the name IUPAC and the year of
publication are prominently visible. Publication of a translation to another
language is subject to the additional condition of prior approval from the
relevant IUPAC National Adhering Organization
IFCC (Recommendation 1996/97): Published in Eur J Clin Chem Clin
Biochem 1997; 35: 805-31. Clin Chim Acta 1997; 268: S5-73.
VIII. Properties and units in Clinical Microbiology - Synopsis
The document describes the use of the concept property and the presentation of
results in clinical microbiology. Systematic names in clinical microbiology
require the use of a nominal scale kind of property to describe taxonomy. For
this purpose the kind of property ”taxon” is introduced. The document
further lists properties commonly used in clinical microbiology. The document
follows the IUPAC-IFCC systematic syntax and this creates a basis for
integration of the format of clinical microbiology laboratory reports in the
general clinical laboratory sciences laboratory reports format.
IUPAC (Technical report 1999): Published in Pure Appl Chem 2000;
72: 555-745
IFCC (Technical report 1999): Published in e-JIFCC 2000; 12-1.
IX. Properties and units in Trace elements - Synopsis
This document is the first recommendation on the presentation of trace
elements and their values in clinical laboratory sciences from IFCC and IUPAC.
It forms part of the ongoing effort to standardise requests and reporting of
laboratory data for transmission across cultural and languistic domains, without
attempting to standardise the language used by clinicians and laboratory
practitioners.
Subsequent documents deal with syntax, kinds-of-property, and properties and
units used in other areas of clinical laboratory sciences.
IUPAC (Technical report 1997): Published in Pure Appl Chem
1997; 69: 2593-606
Republication or reproduction of this report or its storage and/or
dissemination by electronic means is permitted without the need for formal IUPAC
permission on condition that an acknowledgment, with full reference to the
source along with use of the copyright symbol ©, the name IUPAC and the year of
publication are prominently visible. Publication of a translation to another
language is subject to the additional condition of prior approval from the
relevant IUPAC National Adhering Organization
IFCC (Technical report 1997: Published in Eur J Clin Chem
Clin Biochem 1997; 35: 833-43. Clin
Chim Acta 1997; 268: S75-89
X. Properties and units in General Clinical Chemistry - Synopsis
IUPAC (Technical report 1999): Published in Pure Appl Chem
2000; 72: 747-972
IFCC (Technical report 1999): Published in e-JIFCC2000; 12-1.
XI. Coding systems - Structure and guidelines - Synopsis
In ENV1614:1995 the system of concepts for properties in the clinical
laboratory sciences has been elaborated and in part I of this series the syntax
and semantic rules are presented.
The present document deals with the procedures for assembling the elements of a
property into a string of code values representing the intensional definition of
a property. This is done by use of semantic links that ensure the correct
localisation of the elements according to the syntax rules.
Further some special features needed in extension to the general structure are
presented.
IUPAC (Technical report 1997): Published in Pure Appl Chem
1997; 69: 2607-20
Republication or reproduction of this report or its storage and/or
dissemination by electronic means is permitted without the need for formal IUPAC
permission on condition that an acknowledgment, with full reference to the
source along with use of the copyright symbol ©, the name IUPAC and the year of
publication are prominently visible. Publication of a translation to another
language is subject to the additional condition of prior approval from the
relevant IUPAC National Adhering Organization
XII. Properties and units in Clinical pharmacology and toxicology - Synopsis
The term designating a substance being an active ingredient of a drug may be a
generic name, a nonproprietary name, a registered trade name, a fantasy name or
other. This causes difficulties in the transmission of requests and reports on
properties for such substances in biological fluids to and from the clinical
laboratories, and in the collating of this information from different sources.
The document comprises a list of properties of drugs in biological fluids for use in
electronic transmission systems. Systematic names are presented together with a
code value for each.
IUPAC (Technical report 1999): Published in Pure Appl Chem 2000; 72:
479-552
IFCC (Technical report 1999): Published ine-JIFCC
2000; 12-1.
XIII. Properties and units in Reproduction and fertility - Synopsis
This document is the first recommendation on the presentation of properties
in reproduction and fertility and their values in clinical laboratory sciences
from The International Society of Andrology, IFCC and IUPAC. It forms part of
the ongoing effort to standardise requests and reporting of laboratory data for
transmission across cultural and languistic domains, without attempting to
standardise the language used by clinicians and laboratory practitioners.
IUPAC (Technical report 1997): Published in Pure Appl Chem 1997;
69: 2621-28.
Republication or reproduction of this report or its storage and/or
dissemination by electronic means is permitted without the need for formal IUPAC
permission on condition that an acknowledgment, with full reference to the
source along with use of the copyright symbol ©, the name IUPAC and the year of
publication are prominently visible. Publication of a translation to another
language is subject to the additional condition of prior approval from the
relevant IUPAC National Adhering Organization
IFCC (Technical report 1997): Published in Clin Chem Lab Med 1998;
36(1): 57-65.
XVI. Properties and units in Clinical Allergology - Synopsis
The subject field of clinical allergology deals with many hundred different allergens from all parts of the human
environment and the number steadily increases. Not all of the allergens are
strictly defined in chemical terms and procedures for detection of antibodies against the allergens in the human vary.
This document deals with the presentation of request and report on such
properties according to some international rules and the allocation of code
values representing the concept delineated.
The coding scheme thus prepared is imperfect and needs further elaboration as allergens become
more well defined. It is a step toward harmonization, in particular as concerns
the coding system applied.
The net outcome is a coding scheme for use in electronic transmission.
IUPAC (Technical report 1999): Published in Pure Appl Chem 2000; 72: 1067-1205
IFCC (Technical report 1999): Published ine-JIFCC
2000; 12-1.
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